Q436. How is the petroleum and natural gas systems source category defined? What GHG emissions are reported for the petroleum and natural gas systems source category?
A436. Per 40 CFR 98.230, this source category consists of emission sources in the following industry segments of the petroleum and natural gas industry:
- Offshore petroleum and natural gas production;
- Onshore petroleum and natural gas production;
- Onshore natural gas processing;
- Onshore natural gas transmission compression;
- Underground natural gas storage;
- Liquefied natural gas (LNG) storage;
- LNG import and export equipment;
- Natural gas distribution;
- Onshore petroleum and natural gas gathering and boosting; and
- Onshore natural gas transmission pipeline.
The GHGRP requires petroleum and natural gas system facilities to report the following greenhouse gas emissions:
- annual emissions of CO2, CH4, and N2O from stationary and portable combustion equipment at onshore petroleum and natural gas production facilities and onshore petroleum and natural gas gathering and boosting facilities following the requirements in subpart W;
- annual emissions of CO2, CH4, and N2O from stationary combustion equipment at natural gas distribution facilities following the requirements in subpart W;
- annual emissions of CO2, CH4, and N2O emissions from all other applicable stationary combustion sources following the requirements of 40 CFR 98 subpart C (General Stationary Fuel Combustion Sources);
- all greenhouse gas emissions required to be reported under other applicable subparts of the GHGRP; and
- annual emissions of methane (CH4), carbon dioxide (CO2), and nitrous oxide (N2O) from each emission source type, following the requirements of subpart W, as applicable to each of the ten industry segments in (see 40 CFR 98.232 for all details):
Source Type * | Offshore Petroleum and Natural Gas Production | Onshore Petroleum and Natural Gas Production | Onshore Natural Gas Processing | Onshore Natural Gas Transmission Compression | Underground Natural Gas Storage | LNG Storage | LNG Import and Export Equipment | Natural Gas Distribution | Onshore Petroleum and Natural Gas Gathering and Boosting | Onshore Natural Gas Transmission Pipeline |
Natural gas pneumatic device venting |
| X | O | X | X |
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| O | X |
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Natural gas driven pneumatic pump venting |
| X |
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| X |
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Acid gas removal unit vents |
| X | X |
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| O | O |
| X |
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Dehydrator vents |
| X | X | O | O |
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| X |
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Well venting for liquids unloading |
| X |
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Well venting during well completions and workovers with hydraulic fracturing that have a GOR of 300 scf/STB or greater |
| X |
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Gas well venting during well completions and workovers without hydraulic fracturing |
| X |
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Blowdown vent stacks |
| O | X | X | O | O | X | O | X | X |
Hydrocarbon liquids storage tanks |
| X | O |
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| X |
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Transmission storage tanks (Condensate storage tanks)** |
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| X | O |
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Well testing venting and flaring |
| X |
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Associated gas venting and flaring |
| X |
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Flare stacks*** |
| X | X | X | X | X | X |
| X |
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Centrifugal compressor venting |
| X | X | X | X | X | X |
| X |
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Reciprocating compressor venting |
| X | X | X | X | X | X |
| X |
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Equipment leaks**** |
| X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | O |
Equipment Leaks, vented emissions, and Flare Emissions Identified by BOEM in compliance with 30 CFR 550.302 through 304 | X |
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Enhanced Oil Recovery hydrocarbon liquids dissolved CO2 |
| X |
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Enhanced Oil Recovery injection pump blowdown |
| X |
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Combustion Emissions***** |
| X |
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| X | X |
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Other large release events | O | O | O | O | O | O | O | O | O | O |
Nitrogen removal unit vents |
| O | O |
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| O | O |
| O |
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Produced water storage tank emissions |
| O | O |
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| O |
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Drilling mud degassing |
| O |
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Crankcase vents |
| O | O | O | O | O | O | O | O |
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* An “X” in the table indicates that the source type is currently reported and will continue to be reported by the industry segment. An “O” in the table indicates that the industry segment will begin including that source type in Reporting Year 2025.
** Source type is changing to “Condensate storage tanks” beginning with Reporting Year 2025.
***Calculation methodologies for determining flared emissions from other emission source types are outlined in subpart W under the procedures for the applicable emissions source types through December 31, 2024. Beginning January 1, 2025, flare emission calculations have changed (89 FR 42119, May 14, 2024).
**** For specific information about equipment leak requirements by industry segment, see the applicable paragraph in 40 CFR 98.232.
***** Combustion emissions for industry segments not marked with an “X” in this table (except transmission pipelines) report such emissions under subpart C except facilities in the transmission pipeline industry segment, which do not include combustion sources.
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